Knowledge representation techniques like semantic networks and ontologies make this possible. Nandai, noc, and nic linkages in nursing care plans for. Domain ontologies ontology reusable within a domain e. Knowledge based systems have a computational model of some domain of interest in which symbols serve as surrogates for real world domain artefacts, such as physical objects, events, relationships, etc. A comprehensive ontology for knowledge representation in. Applications of ontologies in knowledge representation 79. Knowledge representation and reasoning logics for arti cial. An example of ontology and reasoning within an ontology.
Ontologies and knowledge representation a domain ontology 9 ontologies and knowledge representation categories of formal ontologies axiomatized ontology. Request pdf integrating evidence into clinical information systems for. Ontologies and knowledge sharing knowledgebased systems and services are expensive to build, test, and maintain. There has been a great deal of research and development in this area combined with hype and reaction. A widespread general agreement is followed that states uniform knowledge representation should be achievable by using ontologies populated with concepts. Query answering in databases querying databases and ontologies query answering in description logics references firstorder logic queries part 3. And the idea of knowledge at issue here must,in the first instance at least,be construed in its modest sense to include also belief,conjecture, and the like. Concepts, ontologies, and knowledge representation springerbriefs in computer science by grega jakus june 23,20 paperback january 1, 1602 5. Query answering in databases and ontologies open vs. Different types of knowledge require different kinds of representation. After introducing ontologies in terms of their appearance, usage and classification, it addresses concrete ontology languages that are particularly important in the context of the semantic web. Abstract fuzzy ontologies are able to deal with imprecise and vague knowledge using fuzzy sets and its relations.
Innovative results on intelligent robotic systems, human robot interaction, rehabilitation and medical robotics, biomimetics, legged and climbing robots, marine robotics, autonomous vehicles, grasping and manipulation haptics, advanced sensors, actuators and control, motion and path planning, vision and 3d data processing, visual servoing, micronano robotics. Ios press ontologies and languages for representing. This stage proposes that ontologies should be formally represented using a formal representation language, such as ontolingua or owl. Knowledge representation iii description logics and ontologies. Knowledgebased systems have a computational model of some domain of interest in which symbols serve as surrogates for real world domain artefacts, such as physical objects, events, relationships, etc. Ontologies have become important tools in biomedicine, supporting critical aspects of both health care and biomedical research, including clinical research 1. It is obvious to define several parts of this architecture. Ontologies and knowledge sharing knowledge based systems and services are expensive to build, test, and maintain. A general introduction to knowledge representation and ontologies. Modeling information through ontologies ontologies description logics provide the formal foundations for ontology languages. In this work structure of medical ontologies and their construction process are presented. And finally all these ontology components are connected through relations. The object of a knowledge representation is to express knowledge in a computer tractable form, so that it can be used to enable our ai agents to perform well. Ontologies have become the knowledge representation medium of choice in recent years for a range of computer science specialities including the semantic web, agents, and bioinformatics.
A separate chapter is dedicated to each of the three introduced topics, following a uniform outline. Introduction advancement in wireless sensor networks has led to a. Chapter 2 an introduction to ontologies and ontology. A software engineering methodology based on formal specifications of shared resources, reusable components, and standard services is. An ontology is a formal description of knowledge as a set of concepts within a domain and the relationships that hold between them. Knowledge representation and reasoning logics for arti cial intelligence stuart c. A translation approach to portable ontology specifications. Nic nnn concepts using the opt model for patients with chf. There has been a great deal of research and development in. An information systems perspective 383 model, and to allow computation based on the semantics of those terms, i.
M sri pushpam college of bharathidasan university, tamilnadu, india. Symbols are terms that humans can rapidly understand roughly by reading them. Knowledge representation and ontologies free university of. Integrating evidence into clinical information systems for nursing. Ontologies in medical knowledge representation alan jovic, marin prcela, dragan gamberger rudjer boskovic institute, laboratory of informational systems, email. Syntax the syntax of a language defines which configurations of the components. This chapter gives an overview on basic knowledge representation aspects and on ontologies as used within computer systems.
The present and future recently, we have seen an explosion of interest in ontologies as artifacts to represent human knowledge and as critical components in knowledge management, the semantic web, businesstobusiness applications, and. We observe that disparate backgrounds, languages, tools and techniques are a major barrier to effective communication among people, organisations andor software understanding i. Ontologies and languages for representing mathematical knowledge on the semantic web christoph lange computer science, jacobs university bremen, germany email. It defines the performance of a system in doing something. Each patient was given a unique identifier upon data download and no personal. Knowledge representation and ontologies springerlink.
Finally, semantic web enabled web services swws explores applying ontologies to improve and automate web servicebased interaction between businesses on the internet. Hierarchical course knowledge representation using ontologies. Iowa state university department of computer science artificial intelligence research laboratory semantic web technology ontologies establish a formal semantics for data and knowledge making it possible for computers to process information. Mathematics is a ubiquitous foundation of science, technology, and engineering. Chapter 2 an introduction to ontologies and ontology engineering. The knowledge representation modelsmechanisms are often based on. The main objective of this paper is to survey some of the basic concepts that have been used in computer science for the representation of knowledge and summarize some of their advantages and drawbacks. The mission of epistemology, the theory of knowledge, is to clarify what the conception of knowledge involves, how it is applied, and to explain why it has the features it does. Toward principles for the design of ontologies used for. Pdf applications of ontologies in knowledge representation. This paper is intended to serve as a comprehensive introduction to the emerging field concerned with the design and use of ontologies. A great deal of research has been done to make the corpora of knowledge available for machines.
National library of medicine, bethesda, maryland, usa. Knowledge representation and reasoning aims at designing computer systems that reason about a machineinterpretable representation of the world. Selected design decisions are discussed, and alternative representation choices and evaluated against the design criteria. A knowledge representation language is defined by two aspects. Hauskrecht knowledge representation knowledge representation kr is the study of how knowledge and facts about the world can be represented, and what kinds of reasoning can be done with that knowledge. Knowledge management research focuses on the development of concepts, methods, and tools supporting the management of human knowledge. The speci cation of an ontology usually comprises two distinct levels. Def ontology is a representation scheme that describes a formal conceptualization of a domain of interest. A comprehensive ontology for knowledge representation in the. Citeseerx knowledge representation and ontologies logic.
This approach has several advantages shown in the study, but also some drawbacks related to state of the art technologies. The aim of medical knowledge representation is to capture the detailed domain knowledge in a clinically efficient manner and to offer a reliable resolution with the. From terminologies to ontologies advances in knowledge. The present and future knowledge representation with ontologies. Communicating data and knowledge between humans and computers vasant honavar, 2006. Hierarchical course knowledge representation using.